Work and Component of Centrifugal Pumps

A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by transferring rotational energy from one or more driven rotors (called impellers).
But before delving into a centrifugal pump, it is important to have a brief understanding of the pump.

The work of centrifugal pumps

A common, ordinary pump creates a large discharge pressure to pump fluid from one location to another. A centrifugal pump, on the other hand, uses the principle of centrifugal force as the wheel or tire spins rapidly, and anything attached to the wheel is thrown outward. A centrifugal pump has a turbine built into a housing with a central opening, which is the inlet, and as the turbine spins rapidly, water will be drawn into the central hole and thrown out the edge of the vanes to the output hole.
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy (usually from an electric motor) into energy in a moving fluid. Part of the energy is converted into kinetic energy of the fluid. The fluid enters axially through the bore of the casing, is captured by the impeller vanes, and rotates tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential portions of the impeller and enters the diffuser portion of the casing. The fluid gains velocity and pressure as it passes through the impeller. The annular diffuser or vortex section of the housing decelerates the flow and increases the pressure further.

Horizontal Multistage Pump

What's inside a centrifugal pump

A centrifugal pump consists of six parts: impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearings, seals, and stuffing box.

Impeller is the core part of centrifugal pump, its speed is high, impeller plays a major role on the vane, impeller is statically balanced by experiment before assembly. The inner and outer surface of the impeller is required to be smooth to reduce the friction loss of water flow.

The pump is also called pump casing, which is the main pump. It plays a supporting and fixing role, and is connected with the installed bearings and brackets.
The role of the pump shaft is to connect with the motor through the coupling and transfer the motor torque to the impeller, so it is the main part to transfer mechanical energy.

The sliding bearing uses clear oil as lubricant and is oiled to the oil level line. Too much oil seepage from the pump shaft, too little bearing and overheating all cause accidents! The maximum temperature of the pump bearing during operation is 85 degrees, and it generally runs at about 60 degrees.

Seal ring, also known as leakage ring. Its material mainly consists of packing, water ring, packing tube, packing gland, water seal tube. The function of the stuffing box is mainly to close the gap between the pump casing and the pump shaft, so that the water flow inside the pump does not allow outside air to enter the pump.

Centrifugal pump and submersible pump

1 Usually, centrifugal pumps have a suction side and a discharge side. The atmospheric suction for water service is limited to about 26 feet at sea level and decreases as you live at higher elevations.
2 In many applications, however, suction varies greatly. When the pump is installed in a well, the water level varies greatly. In this case, it is a better choice than a jet pump.
3 The submersible pump is designed with a fully sealed motor so that moisture will not enter even when it is completely submerged. And its electrical connection is also completely waterproof, and the electrical connection is completed by a sealed cover filled with waterproof jelly or grease.
4 In a submersible pump, the suction port is always submerged, which means that water completely covers the suction port.
5 The pump is usually connected to the motor by a retractable shaft that is as close as possible to, but as slightly above, the expected high water level line. However, even if the water level exceeds the water level, a submerged motor does not cause any problems.

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